(Des)globalización, complejidad e incertidumbre: hacia una gestión empresarial ambidiestra
(De)globalization, complexity and uncertainty: towards ambidextrous business management
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Problemática: la crisis subprime, junto con impactos como la covid-19 y el conflicto en Ucrania han expuesto los riesgos asociados a la globalización económica basada en redes de suministro complejas, pero vulnerables. Estos eventos, junto con otras críticas, han llevado a considerar también en las empresas la necesidad de ir hacia una cierta desglobalización. Ahora bien, ese posible mundo desglobalizado, con menor interconexión y cierta fragmentación, ¿será menos complejo e incierto? ¿Cómo debe afrontarlo la gestión empresarial? Objetivos: se pretende alcanzar dos objetivos: el primero es analizar las críticas al proceso de globalización y las posibles respuestas en forma de desglobalización; el segundo es mostrar desarrollos de gestión que permitan a las empresas afrontar el entorno futuro. Materiales y métodos: adoptando prácticamente un enfoque basado en la complejidad, se analiza la literatura sobre la globalización y la reciente desglobalización, así como sobre las últimas aportaciones en gestión empresarial frente a complejidad e incertidumbre. Resultados: el proceso hacia cierta desglobalización parece asentado, aunque el mundo futuro seguirá siendo complejo e incierto, por lo que se requiere adaptación de la gestión empresarial. Discusión: la gestión empresarial, especialmente a largo plazo, deberá experimentar cambios radicales, basados principalmente en ambidestrezas. Conclusiones: a mediano plazo, la acción empresarial debe centrarse en la reestructuración de las redes de suministro, la digitalización y la atención a las personas. A largo plazo se proponen como propósitos generales sostenibilidad e innovación, conseguibles mediante el desarrollo de varias capacidades interrelacionadas, donde se destacan seis ambidestrezas. Contribución/originalidad: este trabajo contribuye al análisis del entorno organizacional futuro desde un enfoque basado en la complejidad y avanza en la propuesta novedosa de varias ambidestrezas que deberán desarrollar las empresas para sobrevivir en el futuro previsible.
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