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Palabras clave:
Derecho y Economía,
Derecho Ambiental, Salud
y Seguridad, Desarrollo
Económico, Planificación
y Política del Desarrollo
Regional
Bibliometric Analysis of the Publications of
Law and Local Development
Análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones sobre derecho y desarrollo local
Artículo de Investigación
Fecha de recepción:
05 de septiembre de 2024
Fecha de aprobación:
01 de noviembre de 2024
Fecha de publicación:
04 de diciembre de 2024
Creative Commons
Reconocimiento-
NoComercial-
SinObraDerivada 4.0
Internacional
Maria Benilde Rincón-García1
1 Candidata a Doctora en Derecho, profesora tiempo completo de la Facultad
de Contaduría y Administración y miembro del Cuerpo Academico: “Organiza-
ción y desarrollo”, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. ma.benilde.rincon@
uaq.mx, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1433-8577
Resumen
Problemática: el derecho se utiliza como
herramienta para políticas públicas que impulsen
el desarrollo local. Sin embargo, la relación
entre los marcos legales y el desarrollo local es
compleja y está influenciada por múltiples factores
socioeconómicos. Objetivos: el trabajo tiene
como objetivo evaluar la producción científica
referida al derecho y desarrollo local. Materiales
y métodos: se realizó un estudio bibliométrico
de la literatura en el período 2004 a julio 2024
en Scopus. Se aplica un análisis de redes para
examinar las relaciones entre autores y observar el
comportamiento del estado del arte. El estudio se
completó con métodos de estadística multivariada
y modelos probabilísticos generativos para el
análisis. Resultados: se observa un aumento en la
producción académica sobre derecho y desarrollo
local desde 2010, llegando a su punto máximo en
2021. El examen de la red muestra la existencia de
numerosos puntos de colaboración entre distintas
instituciones y escritores de diversos países, lo
cual indica una intensa transferencia de saberes.

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Cómo citar este artículo /
To reference this article:
Maria Benilde Rincón-García
(2024). Bibliometric Analysis
of the Publications of Law and
Local Development. Revista
GEON (Gestión, Organizaciones Y
Negocios), 11(2), e-1182. https://doi.
org/10.22579/23463910.1182
Revista GEON
Maria Benilde Rincón-García (2024)
http://revistageon.unillanos.edu.co
“ El estudio revela una
creciente colaboración
interdisciplinaria en torno
al derecho y el desarrollo
local, destacando su
potencial para orientar
políticas públicas más
justas y efectivas.
“
Asimismo, la identificación de palabras clave como
“gobernanza”, “equidad”, “justicia” y “participación
social”, son importantes para el ámbito académico
actual, según el modelado de temas. Discusión: el
análisis bibliométrico realizado revela patrones de
colaboración interdisciplinaria y temas emergentes
en la investigación sobre derecho y desarrollo local.
Se observan limitaciones en la representación de
estudios debido al uso exclusivo de bases de datos
en ciertos idiomas y publicaciones. Conclusiones:
en la investigación sobre derecho y desarrollo local,
existe colaboración entre diferentes disciplinas.
Los resultados indican que reforzar los marcos
legales puede ser clave para fomentar el desarrollo
local. El estudio constituye una base sólida para
futuras investigaciones que busquen profundizar
en el tema. Contribución/originalidad: este
estudio proporciona un marco teórico para futuras
investigaciones y la formulación de políticas públicas
que respondan a necesidades locales.
Palabras clave: derecho, desarrollo local,
economía regional, gobernanza, política pública,
equidad social, sostenibilidad.
Códigos JEL: K10, K32, O10, R58

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Cómo citar este artículo /
To reference this article:
Maria Benilde Rincón-García
(2024). Bibliometric Analysis
of the Publications of Law and
Local Development. Revista
GEON (Gestión, Organizaciones Y
Negocios), 11(2), e-1182. https://doi.
org/10.22579/23463910.1182
Abstract
Problematic. The law serves as a tool for
implementing public policies that support local
development. However, the relationships between
legal frameworks and local development is
intricate and influenced by various socio-economic
factors Objectives. The study aims to assess the
scientific literature concerning the role of law in
local development and its impact. Materials and
Methods. A bibliometric analysis was conducted
using literature from 2004 to July 2024, retrieved
from the Scopus database. Network analysis was
applied to examine relationships between authors
and identify current trends in the field. The study was
complemented by multivariate statistical methods
and generative probabilistic models for analysis.
Results. An increase in academic production on
law and local development has been observed
since 2010, peaking in 2021. The network analysis
reveals the existence of numerous collaboration
points among institutions and authors from
various countries, indicating a dynamic exchange
of knowledge. Similarly, the identification of key
words such as “governance”, “equity”, “justice” and
“social participation” are important in the current
academic landscape, according to the topic
modeling. Discussion. The bibliometric analysis
highlights patterns of interdisciplinary collaboration
and emerging research themes in research in the
study of law and local development. Limitations in
the representation of studies exist due to reliance
on databases covering specific languages and
publications types. Conclusions. Interdisciplinary
collaboration is evident in research on law and local
development. The findings indicate that enhancing
legal frameworks can play a crucial role in promoting
local development. This study provides a strong
foundation for further research aiming to delve
deeper into the subject. Contribution/Originality.
This study offers a theoretical framework to guide
future research and the development of public
policies that address local needs.

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Introduction
The role of law as a fundamental ele-
ment in the organization and func-
tion of modern societies is decisive
in shaping regulatory and normative
frameworks. The interrelation be-
tween law and local development
goes beyond the simple application of
legal rules, becoming part of a com-
plex system in which legal regulations
both influence and are influenced by
socio-economic factors within specific
regions (Casanovas et al., 2022; Lee,
2021; Lizarazo-Rodríguez, 2021; Men-
doza Reyna et al., 2024).
This study aims to conduct a bibliome-
tric analysis to evaluate the progress
of scientific production in the field of
law and local development. Bibliome-
trics, as a quantitative discipline that
statistically measure scientific activity,
offers a reliable methodology to exa-
mine the publication patterns, citation
frequencies, and collaborative rela-
tionships between authors and insti-
tutions. This methodology allows for
the assessment of academic advance-
ment and elucidates the fundamental
processes involved in knowledge ge-
neration, while also identifying emer-
ging topics and areas that require
further research focus (Ali et al., 2023;
González-Argote et al., 2024; Merca-
dal Cuesta, 2024).
The analysis was conducted using
prestigious international databases
such as Web of Science and Scopus,
ensurin the rigor and validity of the
findings. This research offers valuable
insights into the current state of the
literature concerning the relations-
hip between law and local develop-
ment, highlighting both achievements
and shortcomings of the literature. It
contributes to a deeper understan-
ding of this connection and lays the
foundation for future studies aimed
at addressing the identified gaps and
moving toward establishing legal fra-
meworks that fosters inclusive and
sustainable community development.
This article serves as a valuable re-
source for academics, policymakers,
and professionals interested in local
development. Ultimately, it aspires to
influence the creation of regulatory
policies and legal frameworks that
are aligned with the socio-economic
realities of different regions, promo-
ting equitable and sustainable local
development.
Theoretical Context
The relationship between legal fra-
meworks and local development is
essential in creating fair and equita-
ble societies. Despite their different
approaches, both fields aim to impro-
ve individual well-being and promote
Keywords: legal frameworks, local development,
regional development, governance, public policy,
social equity, sustainable development
JEL Codes: K10,K32, O10, R58.

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social equity within specific geogra-
phical areas. In recent years, academic
research has increasingly explored
the intersection between law and lo-
cal development, emphasizing the sig-
nificance of legal frameworks tailored
to local contexts and public policies
that address region-specific needs
(Castillo et al., 2022; Marat & McCar-
thy, 2021; Yigitcanlar et al., 2021). This
body of literature has highlighted how
legal regulations can either facilitate
or hinder local development, depen-
ding on their design, implementation,
and responsiveness to local realities.
The use of bibliometric methods to
evaluate the impact of scientific re-
search on the relationship between
law and local development is a relati-
vely recent development, despite the
increasing interest in this area. Biblio-
metrics, a quantitative approach to
analyzing academic literature, has de-
monstrated effectiveness in assessing
the impact and influence of publica-
tions in fields such as environmental
and international law (Lv et al., 2021;
Rejeb et al., 2023; Xie et al., 2020).
However, the analyses conducted so
far have mainly focused on traditional
legal subareas, resulting in a noticea-
ble gap in the evaluation of scholars-
hip related to local development.
The study by Mercadal Cuesta (2024)
investigates the relationship between
law and local development using bi-
bliometric analysis, underscoring the
need for additional research in this
field. While it identifies a growing vo-
lume of publications on law and local
development, it also notes a lack of
coherence and thematic consisten-
cy in the scientific literature. Recent
research have stressed the impor-
tance of interdisciplinary approa-
ches that integrate legal analysis with
perspectives from other disciplines
like sociology, economics, and pu-
blic administration, offering a more
comprehensive understanding of re-
gional development dynamics (Han-
sen, 2022; Mitra & Das, 2018).
The importance of this analysis lies
in its ability to offer a comprehensive
perspective that quantifies academic
progress in the field. It reveals under-
lying patterns in the production of
knowledge and points to areas requi-
ring greater focus. This work aims to
contribute to a more solid theoretical
framework and to inspire future re-
search and policy initiatives that are
better aligned with the specific needs
and challenges of local communities.
Methodology
This study employed a quantitative,
observational, and descriptive me-
thodological approach to collect and
analyze bibliometric data from publi-
cations indexed in the Web of Science
and Scopus databases.
Data: Academic articles published be-
tween 2004 and 2024 were analyzed
to explore the correlation between
law and local development. The data
selection process followed strict inclu-
sion criteria, focusing on international
journals with high impact factors and
a consistent publication history in the
relevant thematic area. This study uti-
lized sophisticated bibliometric analy-
sis tools to ensure the relevance and

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quality of the data (Bahroun et al.,
2023; Castro et al., 2024; Ragazou et
al., 2023; Tamascelli et al., 2024). The
data collection process was designed
to guarantee the accuracy and reliabi-
lity of the instruments used for infor-
mation gathering.
Type, Scope and Design: This re-
search is a quantitative study with
descriptive and correlational objecti-
ves. A non-experimental methodology
was adopted, enabling the exami-
nation of data without manipulating
variables. This approach enables a
comprehensive analysis of research
patterns in the fields of law and local
development.
Procedure: The study involved collec-
ting bibliometric data from specific
databases, which was then analyzed
using descriptive and correlational
statistical methods. The analysis was
conducted using Python, a versatile
programming language known for its
specialized libraries such as Pandas,
NumPy, and Matplotlib. These tools
allowed for the quantitative assess-
ment of variables such as total num-
ber of publications, citation counts,
co-authorships networks, and article
impact, as measured by established
indicators including the h-index and
immediacy index (Kwiek et al., 2024;
Moed, 2017).
Data Analysis: Network analysis me-
thodologies were used with software
libraries such as NetworkX and Sea-
born to visually represent and unders-
tand author connections, identifying
potential collaborations and thematic
clusters within the specified acade-
mic domain. Additionally, correlation
analysis and emerging topic modeling
techniques were performed using
Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
and topic modeling Latent Dirichlet
Allocation (LDA) to reveal collabora-
tive patterns and highlight emerging
topics within the domain of law and
local development (Albalawi et al.,
2020; Madzík & Falát, 2022; Zhang et
al., 2016).
Ethical Considerations: Since the
study was based on publicly available
secondary data, no ethical issues re-
garding primary data collection were
involved. However, ethical integrity
was upheld by exclusively relying on
published sources and by properly ci-
ting all referemced sources.
Results
This bibliometric study analyzed 107
academic articles retrieved from the
Web of Science and Scopus databa-
ses. The articles, published between
2004 and 2024, focus on the inter-
disciplinary field that integrates legal
studies with regional and local de-
velopment policies, particularly ex-
ploring the relationship between law
and local development. The results of
the analysis have been classified ac-
cording to key bibliometric indicators,
providing an integral understanding
of publication patterns and metho-
dological approaches prevailing in
academic works over the last two
decades.

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Figure 1. Number of publications by year.
Source: Own elaboration based on data retrieved from Scopus (2024).
Number of Publications by Year
Figure 1 shows the annual distribu-
tion of publications. An increase in
academic production can be obser-
ved since 2010, with a peak in 2021.
This upward trend reflects a growing
interest in the application of legal stu-
dies to local development, an interest
likely influenced by modern challen-
ges such as globalization, local gover-
nance, and sustainability.
Impact ofMajor Journals
Figure 2 illustrates the influence of
prominent academic journals based
on the number of publications re-
lated to law and local development.
Energies, World Development, and
Sustainability are identified as the
most influential journals, each having
published multiple articles within this
area of research. The prominence
of these journals indicates that they
serve as important platforms for dis-
seminating interdisciplinary research
that links law with regional and local
development, highlighting their signi-
ficant role in advancing the academic
conversation on this topic.
Figure 2. Impact of the Major Journals.
Source: Own elaboration based on data retrieved from Scopus (2024).

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Most Cited Articles
Figure 3 showcases the ten most ci-
ted articles in the field of law and lo-
cal development. The article titled
Globalisation and the foreignisation
of space: seven processes driving the
current global land grab stands out
with over 500 citations, indicating its
Figure 3. Most cited articles.
Source: Own elaboration based on data retrieved from Scopus (2024).
significance and influence within the
academic literature. This visualiza-
tion helps to pinpoint the studies that
have made a substantial impact on
the field, offering essential referen-
ces for future research and scholarly
discussion.
Co-Authorship Network -
Layout Kamada-Kawai
Figure 4 displays the co-authorship
network generated utilizing the Ka-
mada-Kawai layout, offering a clear
visualization of the collaborative rela-
tionships among authors in the field
of law and local development. In the
network, nodes represent individual
authors, while the connections indi-
cate co-authorship. Densely connec-
ted clusters indicate the presence of
strong collaborative groups within
the academic community. This disco-
very underscores the significance of
academic collaboration in generating
high-impact research and advancing
knowledge in this interdisciplinary
area.
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Figure 4. Co-Authorship Network - Layout Kamada-Kawai.
Source: Author’s own elaboration using Kamada-Kawai layout, based on co-authorship data retrieved from
Scopus (2024).
Keywords Network
Figure 5 depicts the keyword co-oc-
currence network generated from
common terms found in the analyzed
articles. It is observed that the terms
“local development”, “social participa-
tion” and “decentralization” appear
closely linked, which highlights its
importance in contemporary acade-
mic discussions within this field. This
visualization helps to identify both
emerging and established issues, as
well as revealing the interrelationships
among several research sub-areas.
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Relationship between
Year of Publication and
Number of Citations
Figure 6 illustrates the relationship
between the publication year of ar-
ticles and their citation count. The
data shows a scattered distribution,
with several older articles receiving
high citation counts, reflecting their
lasting importance in the field. In
Figure 5. Keywords Network.
Source: Author’s own elaboration using Kamada-Kawai layout, based on co-authorship data retrieved from
Scopus (2024).
contrast, more recent articles tend
to have fewer citation, which is con-
sistent with typical patterns observed
in bibliometric studies, as newer pu-
blications have had less time to accu-
mulate citations.

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Figure 6. Relationship between the year of publication and the citation number.
Source: Author’s own elaboration based on bibliometric data retrieved from Scopus (2024).
Relationship between Number of
Authors and Number of Citations
Figure 7 displays the correlation be-
tween the number of authors and
the number of citations received by
the articles. The data show that arti-
cles written by two or three authors
generally receive a higher number
of citations. This indicates a positive
association between small-scale aca-
demic collaboration and the impact
of research, highlighting the potential
for collaborations that could impro-
ve both the quality and impact of re-
search results.
Figure 7. Relationship between number of authors and number of citations.
Source: Author’s own elaboration based on bibliometric data retrieved from Scopus (2024).

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Geographical Distribution
of Publications
Figure 8 presents the geographical
distribution of publications related
to law and local development. Brazil
is highlighted as the country with the
highest number of publications, fo-
llowed by several European countries,
reflecting a strong academic presen-
ce in these regions. This visualization
facilitates the identification of global
research priorities highlights poten-
tial areas for international collabora-
tion in the field.
Figure 8. Geographical distribution of publications.
Source: Own elaboration based on bibliometric
data retrieved from Scopus (2024).
Validation of Results
The results obtained in this study
were validated using various statisti-
cal techniques and network analysis
to confirm the internal coherence and
relevance of the extracted data. The
following subsection describes the
methods used and results obtained.
1. Spearman Correlation Analysis
To investigate the relationship be-
tween journal impact and article ci-
tation count, a Spearman correlation
analysis was conducted. This non-pa-
rametric statistical method is useful
for detecting monotonic relationships
between variables, especially when
the data does not follow a normal
distribution. It was determined that
Spearman’s correlation coefficient
was 0.446, with a P of 1,448e-06, indi-
cating a moderate and statistically sig-
nificant positive correlation between
the variables. These results suggest
a notable correlation between the
impact factor of the journals and the
number of citations received by arti-
cles, highlighting the importance of
selecting high-impact journals for the
dissemination of research in the right
fields and local development.
2. Analysis of Collaborative
Networks
To validate the results of the bibliome-
tric analysis, a collaborative network
map was constructed to investigate
patterns of cooperation between au-
thors, institutions, and countries at
different levels. This type of network
analysis enables the visualization of
relationships between key stakehol-
ders involved in research on law and
local development.
The results reveal the presence of
multiple collaboration hubs between
institutions and authors from a di-
verse set of countries. This indicates
de presence of a cohesive and inter-
connected research network. Such
a structure suggests a dynamic ex-
change of knowledge, perspectives,
and methodologies across regions,
strengthening the development of a
solid and evolving knowledge base

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in the field. The identification of key
collaboration centers and their inter-
connections highlights the significant
contributions of specific institutions
and countries, while underlining the
essential role of international colla-
boration in advancing research and
promoting interdisciplinary dialogue
in this interdisciplinary field.
Figure 9. Filtered clustered network of collaboration between authors, institutions, and countries.
Source: Own elaboration based on co-authorship data retrieved from Scopus (2024).
3. Analysis of Emerging Topics
A study was conducted to identify
emerging topics within a specific field
of study using Principal Component
Analysis (PCA) and Latent Dirichlet
Allocation (LDA) modeling. These
methods helped identify the most
relevant keywords associated with
each primary thematic clusters pre-
sent in the reviewed literature. The
results revealed cohesive groupings
of keywords such as “law”, “local de-
velopment”, “politics”, “governance”,
“rights”, “equity”, and “justice”, which
align with the objectives of the study
and reflect dominant trends in cu-
rrent academic discourse. This analy-
sis provides additional qualitative
confirmation of important topics in
current academic discussions.
In conclusion, the integration of sta-
tistical methods and network analysis
provides strong validation of the re-
sults obtained. The results presented
are both internally consistent and hi-
ghly relevant for ongoing research in
the field of law and local development.
These methodologies have enabled
the identification of crucial collabora-
tive networks and emerging research
themes, providing a reliable basis for
future academic research and the de-
velopment of effective public policies
in this domain.

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Figure 10. LDA Topic Model- Relevant Keywords
Source: Author’s own elaboration based on
keyword co-occurrence data retrieved from Sco-
pus (2024).
Discussion of the Results
Recent research has demonstrated
a notable increase in scholarly pu-
blications examining the correlation
between law and local development,
particularly over the last decade. This
upsurge in academic research can be
seen as a response to the contempo-
rary challenges that local communities
are facing in an increasingly globalized
world. The literature highlight emer-
ging topics such as local governance,
citizen engagement, and social equity,
suggesting a growing recognition of
the importance of context-specific le-
gal frameworks in fostering equitable
regional growth (Nedanovski & Sha-
pkova Kocevska, 2023; Nuotio, 2021;
Ramanujam & Farrington, 2022).
This bibliometric analysis has iden-
tified patterns of collaboration be-
tween researchers and institutions,
emphasizing the value of interdiscipli-
nary cooperation. Analysis of co-au-
thorship networks indicates that
highly cited and influential research
often emerges from collaborative
projects that integrate methodologies
from diverse fields such as sociology
and economics, alongside legal insi-
ghts, in order to offer comprehensive
solutions to complex issues in local
development.
However, the scope of the research
is constrained by the reliance on bi-
bliometric databases like Scopus and
Web of Science, which may exclude re-
levant publications in languages other
than English or in less prestigious
journals. Furthermore, an emphasis
on quantitative analysis may neglect
the qualitative nuances essential for a
thorough comprehension of local de-
velopment in diverse contexts. Future
research could benefit from adop-
ting mixed-methods approaches that
combine bibliometric, qualitative and
case-based analyses, as well as ex-
panding the range of data sources to
encompass a wider array of relevant
publications.
The results highlight the need of using
integrative methodologies that can
evaluate the impact of legislation on
regional growth accurately, while also
considering sociocultural and econo-
mic factors that affect the successful
implementation. This approach will
support the development of more
comprehensive theoretical models
capable of analyzing the complex re-
lationships between law, governance,
and socioeconomic progress.

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Conclusions
This bibliometric analysis offers a
comprehensive evaluation of the re-
search progress in the field of law
and local development, highlighting
both significant advancements and
notable shortcomings in the existing
literature. By analyzing publication
and collaboration trends, the study
underscores the increasing impor-
tance of interdisciplinary research
that integrates legal analysis with so-
cioeconomic perspectives to address
challenges of local development.
Future studies should prioritize em-
pirical exploration into how various
aspects of legal frameworks impact
specific outcomes of local develop-
ment. Additionally, it would be bene-
ficial to examine how innovative legal
practices adapted to local contexts,
can enhance equity, inclusivity and
sustainability in regional development
processes.
This research study introduces a fra-
mework for future academic research
and provides a basis for the creation
of more effective public policies that
are tailored to local needs. Encoura-
ging transparency, citizen participa-
tion, and international cooperation
in research can lead to the develop-
ment of more effective strategies for
governance and promote inclusive lo-
cal development.
In conclusion, this bibliometric analy-
sis has made a contribution to the
understanding of the dynamics of
research in the field of law and local
development, establishing the basis
for a more coordinated approach in
future research. By integrating inter-
disciplinary perspectives and the pro-
motion of international collaboration,
both researchers and policymakers
can contribute to the creation of le-
gal frameworks that really support
equitable and sustainable regional
development.
Additional information.
Conflict of Interest: The author states
that there are no conflicts of interest
that may have improperly influenced
the development, analysis, or inter-
pretation of the results presented in
this research.
Funding: This investigation was fun-
ded solely by the author and did not
receive external financial support.
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